OSI মডেল সম্পর্কে প্রাথমিক ধারণা!

OSI মডেল সম্পর্কে প্রাথমিক ধারণা!

OSI মডেল কি?
OSI মডেল হলো এমন একটি প্রক্রিয়া বা মাধ্যম যা দ্বারা বিভিন্ন ধরণের device পরস্পরের সাথে যোগাযোগ রক্ষা করে বা data আদান-প্রদান করে।
মূলত ৭টি layer দ্বারা OSI মডেলকে ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়ঃ তা নিচে উল্লেখ করা হলো;

Layer 7. Application
Layer 6. Presentation
Layer 5. Session
Layer 4. Transport
Layer 3. Network
Layer 2. Data Link
Layer 1. Physical
[এবার আমি চেষ্টা করব খুব সাধারনভাবে layer গুলোর কাজ ব্যাখ্যা করতে যাতে সকল ধরনের পাঠকরা বুঝতে পারে।]
Application: প্রতিটি layer এর নির্দিষ্ট কিছু protocols থাকে এর সাহায্যেই layer সমূহ কাজ করে। এই layer টি মূলত massage করা, print করা ইত্যাদি কাজ করে থাকে। কিছু অধিক ব্যবহারিক protocols হলো http, https, ftp ইত্যাদি।
Presentation: এই layer টি data কে encrypt বা secure করে এবং compression বা data size ছোট করে যাতে processing দ্রুত হতে পারে। এই layer এর কিছু protocols এর উদাহারন হলো AFP, LPP NCP ইত্যাদি।
Session: এটির ১টি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কাজ হলো এই layer টি সব data কে আলাদা করে রাখে যাতে data সমূহ পরস্পরের সাথে mix হয়ে না যায়।

Transport: এই layer এ এসে মূলত নির্ধারিত হয় যে data টা কিভাবে যাবে। যেমন অধিক ব্যবহিত Protocols হলো TCP এবং UDP, TCP protocol এ data transfer হলে data সংরক্ষিত থাকে এবং সম্পূর্ন data পৌছে যায় কোন ধরনের data lose ছাড়া। অপরদিকে UPD ব্যবহার করে data গেলে data secure থাকেনা এবং data lose হয়। উদাহারন হিসেবে Video call, Live streaming ইত্যাদি UDP এর উদাহারন।
Network: এই layer এ এসে IP নিয়ে কাজ হয় অর্থাৎ কোন device এর IP থেকে কোন device এর IP তে data পৌছবে সেই তথ্য দেওয়া হয় যাতে সঠিকভাবে সঠিক স্থানে data পৌছতে পারে।
Data Link: এই layer এ মূলত data'র সাথে MAC address বা physical address যোগ করা হয় যাতে আরো specific হওয়া যায় যে এই data কোন mac address থেকে কোন mac address এ পৌছবে।
Physical: এই layer টি data কে carry করে নিয়ে যায় অপর device এর Physical layer এর কাছে। Physical layer data carry করে bits আকারে অর্থাৎ 0 আর 1 যা মেশিন ভাষা।
[যেইভাবে data এই সাতটি layer পার করল ঠিক বিপরীতভাবে অপর device এর layer সমূহ receive করবে।]

অর্থাৎ layer 1-7 পর্যন্ত উপরে উঠবে। যথা অপরপাশের physical layer থেকে data link layer এ উঠবে এবং mac address remove করে দিবে, এরপর network layer এ উঠে IP remove করে দিবে এভাবে যেতে যেতে application layer পার করে অপর পাশের ব্যক্তি আপনার পাঠানো তথ্য বা massage দেখতে পাবে।

আপনাদের কোথাও বুঝতে সমস্যা হলে বা কোন প্রশ্ন থাকলে অথবা কোন পরামর্শ থাকলে comment জানাবেন।
আপনার মূল্যবান সময়ের জন্য ধন্যবাদ।

Is "Debotakhum" really dangerous?

Debotakhum
Introduction: "Debotakum" is a kind of Lake. But I think Lake is not a perfect word for "Debotakhum"! Basically, The water is going through the hills from different sources but you cannot feel that much. When you will reach the destination you may think it's a Lake because water is not moving so many giant hills standing around you. Local people say, the length of "Debotakhum" approximately 180 meters (it could be more) and around 19 meters depth. But tourists are allowed to visit only a certain amount of "Debotakhum". If you want to explore the whole "Debotakhum" you need experienced guides and permission it's very risky. But whatever you will experience with normal tourists that are going to your memorable day. It is situated at Rowangchari, Bandarban, Chittagong.

How to go"Debotakhum"?
Well, you can get a direct bus from "Dhaka" to "Bandarban" (around 340km) or you will get the available bus from "Chittagong" to "Bandarban" (around 75km). Then you have to go to "Rowanchori Bazar", the vehicle is available from "Bandarban" to "Rowangchori" it's around 80km (you can book a zip till Kaccaptali from Bandarban). You have to take permission from the local police station in "Rowangchari Bazar". After that, you have to reach "Kacchaptali Bazar" which is approximately 7km away fro "Rowangchari Bazar". Then hire a guide from there afterward you have to take permission from the army camp. Woah! that's it here starts your adventure! (There is no hotels or cottage if you want to stay at night you gotta take permission from army guide will manage for you).


Adventure:
Tracking path
There is a wonderful and adventurous tracking for nearly one hour (it depends on you). At the time of tracking, you will face hills, a little river, a small tribe's village. But when you are about to reach your actual destination you will face more dangerous challenges your path becomes more dangerous be careful! There will be special types of rafts made by local people with bamboo. You have to take a little ride in the first step (don't worry! your guide will drive) thereafter, you have to take another ride by bamboo raft or boat. this is the most interesting part of this adventure. Well, in this case, you have a choice you can ride raft bamboo(2 people max) your own. Don't worry! if you are scared there will be boats which will drive your guide for you. Whatever, I'm writing it's not enough, nature cannot be described by words. You cannot feel until you are there.

Time management is very important here, you have to reach the Kaccaptali army camp within 1 pm and checkout before 6 pm.


Reacquired Documents:

  • You need your national ID card (Passport if you are a foreigner) and photograph if they want.
  • Your School or College ID if you are a student.


Travel Cost: 

  • Guide charge is approximately 1000 taka per day.
  • Zip charge is around 5000 taka from Bandarbhan to Kaccapthali round trip.
  • Bamboo Raft charge is 100 taka
  • Food and others it's actually up-to you.

I can just give you an idea about the cost. Actually, it will depend on what kind of traveler you are.
If you have any specific questions post your question in the comment section to get your answers. Because the budget is the most important part of a trip.



If you have any kind of questions or any help regarding travel please feel free to ask and leave your comments below and suggestions.

If you feel this article is helpful, share with your friends & family.

We are always here to help you.

Thank you very much for your time.  
            

 

Let's go to BogaLake & Keokradong

Chittagong to BogaLake - Keokradong

Introduction
"Boga Lake" is a lake located in Ruma Upazila in the hill district Bandarban, Chittagong. Its height from sea level is nearly 1,246 feet (380 m). The area of the lake is 18.56 acres (75,100 m2). There are so many myths about this Lake in locality. There is a small village in this Lake area and there is an army camp since it's a dangerous hilly place.

If you have a plan for "BogaLake" then you must have a plan for "Keokradong" too. Because both are in the same way "Keokradong" is 7-8km far from BogaLake you will have a tracking for 3-4hours because there is no road for vehicles between "BogaLake" & "Keokradong". Anyway it was a suggestion decision is up-to you.

How to go "BogaLake" ?
You have to travel from Chittagong to Bandarban city (If you are from another place make sure you have reached Chittagong first) Buses are available for "Bandarban" from "Karnaphuli" Bridge. 
After reaching the "Bandarban" city you have to hire a Zip for going "Boga Lake" it's about 60km from "Bandarban" city (There is time restriction). Tourists are not allowed to visit BogaLake in the evening or night. You have to report to the army camp in "Ruma Bazar" (It's the nearest market from BogaLake) within 3 pm or 4 pm if you are late they are not going to allow for going forward at any cost. After reaching the "BogaLake" you have to again report to the army camp in that case you have to carry some documents such as Student ID/Birth Certificate/National ID/ (Photos if they want!) National ID of parents (if you are minor) they can ask any of these documents. 
So, my suggestion would be carrying your necessary documents these all only for your safety. You have to hire a LocalGuide from "Ruma Bazar" they must have to have a license for guiding verify them, you are not allowed to go "BogaLake" without a licensed guide. You will find the cottages in "BogaLake" (Definitely 5/4 star hotels & cottages are not available). 
No one swims in the Lake because of some mystery according to local people please respect them and their believes. So, don't swim in the Lake but you can use the Lake for washing yourself or you may take a shower (without swimming). Enjoy nature, enjoy your quality time with your friends/family.

"BagaLake" To "Keokradong"
Well, the next morning you have to take permission to leave "BogaLake" from the army within 6-7 am if you are late you may not go to "Keokradong". Now, starts the adventure you will have a wonderful hill track for 3-4 hours (It will depend on your walking speed 2-2.5 hour is enough for youth). At the time of going, you will enjoy the nature closer, follow your guide and listen to him don't lose your track. You are going to end-up your adventure by reaching "Keokradong" you can stay there if you want, otherwise, you have to come back "BogaLake" on the same day if you want to come back to Bandarban city on the same day you have to leave BogaLake at 2:00 pm at least. Because you have to reach "Ruma Bazar" within 3 pm and checkout from the army camp one thing is very important here which is time you have to be disciplined. 

Cost?
If you are a group of friends like 8-12 people you cost will be 30 dollars (It's around 2500 taka) from Chittagong city. 
The guide charge is 1000 taka per day. "Bandarban" to "BogaLake" Zip (Local people used to say "chander gari") charge will 7500-8000 taka but at the time of coming back, zip charge (a zip cover at least 12 people perfectly however, it depends on the zip size) will be less around 5000 taka from "BogaLake" to "Bandarban" city. 
I set the budget 30$ especially for the students you can have good food with this budget but I always suggest that bring some extra money (in case if you need).
If you want a family tour or couple tour the budget is going to increase.

If you find any typical error or any other error please give us feedback.

If you have any kind of questions or any help regarding travel please feel free to ask and leave your comments below and suggestions.

If you feel this article is helpful, share with your friends & family.

We are always here to help you.

Thank you very much for your time.                 

Visit Sajek Valley



What is "Sajek Valley?"
How to go "Sajek Valley?"
What is the cost to visit "Sajek Valley?"

Introduction: "Sajek Valley" is one of the famous tourist places in Chittagong. It's the beauty of mountains the valley is around 1,500 feet above from sea level. It's known as the Queen of Hills & Roof of Rangamati.The name of Sajek Valley came from the Sajek River that originates from the Karnafuli River. Sajek river works as a border between Bangladesh and India.

The distance between Chittagong to Khagrachori around 120km. Khagrachori to Sajek distance around 70km.

You will find the bus for Khagrachori from BRTC bus station, Kadamtoli, Chittagong. or you have to take the Khagrachori bus from Oxygen circle, Chittagong. (You will find the local bus for going oxygen circle from the new market, Chittagong. otherwise, book a cap or CNG and then go.)


After reaching the Khagrachori bus station you have to stay at least one night in Khagrachori, because you will get permission for going Sajek from the army, only in the morning, that's why all the vehicles leave for Sajek in the early morning. Next morning you have to book a Zip for Sajek valley(It'll be better if you book Zip in the eveninig).

Sajek valley is known for its natural environment and surrounded by mountains, dense forest, and grasslands hill tracks. Many small rivers flow through the mountains among which Kachalong and Machalong are notable. On the way to Sajek valley, one has to cross the Mayni range and Mayne river. The road to Sajek has high picks and falls.



You will find hotels there to stay or you can book online. There are two helipads in Sajek. From these helipads, one gets a nice view of the whole Sajek valley. The native people of Sajek valley are ethnic minorities. Among them Chakma, Marma, Tripura, Pankua, Lushai and so on. 

Women seem to be more involved in economic activities here. Tea stalls, food joints, and roadside marketplaces are dominated by women. Picking fruits and vegetables early in the morning is a common trade here. 
They are not fluent in Bengali but the young population speaks some English.

Then you can go to "Kanglak Para". From there you can see the amazing sunset and sunrise view. If you like hill, nature, and sky you must go there.

You will be splashed by seeing its natural beauty especially when you will see that the cloud, touching your body then you will feel that you are living in paradise.

Whichever zip you hire from Khagrachhari to Sajek that will be round trip which will cost around 8000taka (around 100$). You will get bus from Khagrachari to Chittagong...

Total cost per person around 3000-4000 taka(from chittagong) for 2 night & 3 days. actually it depends on time and situation my personal suggestion to you whenever you are planning to visit, please try to get updated information. 

It will be more helpful for you. you can use your personal car/bike it's up to you.
Whatever I write about budget it's for a group of (8/10/12) tour, not for family tour/personal tour.

Estimated Cost:

         Zip Charges 8000 taka (from Khagrachari to Sajek valley round trip)

         Accommodation cost around 4000 taka (for 8-12 group members)


         Food approximately 1500 taka (it's up-to you)


         Zip charges for for travelling inside khagrachari 2000 taka


         Chittagong to khagrachari 400-500taka (round trip) 

(This budget for budget travelers if you are a relax traveler you can add more money)



If you have any kind of questions or any help regarding travel please feel free to ask and leave your comments below and suggestions.

If you feel this article is helpful, share with your friends & family.

We are always here to help you.

Thank you very much for your time.    

OSI মডেল সম্পর্কে প্রাথমিক ধারণা!

OSI মডেল সম্পর্কে প্রাথমিক ধারণা! OSI মডেল কি? OSI মডেল হলো এমন একটি প্রক্রিয়া বা মাধ্যম যা দ্বারা বিভিন্ন ধরণের device পরস্পরের সাথে যোগাযো...